1898 Wilmington Race Riot Commission. “1898 Wilmington Race Riot Report :: State Publications.” Raleigh, NC, May 31, 2006. http://digital.ncdcr.gov/cdm/ref/collection/p249901coll22/id/5842.
Alexander, Roberta Sue. NC Faces the Freedmen: Race Relations During Presidential Reconstruction, 1865-67. Durham: Duke University Press, 1985.
Anderson, Jean Bradley. Durham County: A History of Durham County, North Carolina. Durham: Duke University Press, 2011.
Andrews, William L., and David A. (David Alexander) Davis. North Carolina Slave Narratives: The Lives of Moses Roper, Lunsford Lane, Moses Grandy & Thomas H. Jones. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
Auman, William T. Civil War in the North Carolina Quaker Belt: The Confederate Campaign against Peace Agitators, Deserters and Draft Dodgers. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 2014.
Bassett, John Spencer. Anti-Slavery Leaders of North Carolina. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1898.
Blackburn, William Maxwell. The Architecture of Duke University. Durham: Duke University Press, 1936.
Blight, David W. Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory. London: Belknap Press, 2002.
Boyd, William Kenneth. The Story of Durham: City of the New South. Duke University Press, 1925.
Brandstadter, Dianne Puthoff. Developing the Coordinate College for Women at Duke University: The Career of Alice Mary Baldwin, 1924-1947,” a Ph.D. thesis, 1977.
Brown, Leslie. Upbuilding Black Durham: Gender, Class, and Black Community Development in the Jim Crow South. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.
Bynum, Victoria E. Unruly Women: The Politics of Social and Sexual Control in the Old South. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.
Campbell, James, et. al. “Brown University Committee on Slavery and Justice: The Report.” Providence, Rhode Island. https://brown.edu/Research/Slavery_Justice/report/.
Cecelski, David S. The Fire of Freedom: Abraham Galloway and the Slaves’ Civil War. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2012.
Chaffin, Nora Campbell. Trinity College, 1839-1892: The Beginnings of Duke University. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1950.
Christian, Jack, and Warren Christian. “The Monuments Must Go.” Slate, August 16, 2017. http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2017/08/stonewall_jackson_s_grandsons_the_monuments_must_go.html?wpsrc=sh_all_mob_tw_top.
Cohan, William D. The Price of Silence: The Duke Lacrosse Scandal, the Power of the Elite, and the Corruption of Our Great Universities. New York: Scribner, 2014.
Cotter, Holland. “We Need to Move, Not Destroy, Confederate Monuments.” The New York Times, August 20, 2017, sec. Art & Design. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/20/arts/design/we-need-to-move-not-destroy-confederate-monuments.html.
Crow, Jeffrey J., Paul D. Escott, and Flora J. Hatley Wadelington. A History of African Americans in North Carolina. Raleigh: N. C. Dept. of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History, 1992.
Crowell, J. Franklin, and Charles Lee Raper. Personal Recollections of Trinity College, North Carolina, 1887-1894. Duke University Publications. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1939.
Current, Richard Nelson, and Frank and Virginia Williams Collection of Lincolniana (Mississippi State University. Libraries). Lincoln’s Loyalists: Union Soldiers from the Confederacy. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1992.
Curtin, Philip D. The Atlantic Slave Trade; a Census. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1969.
Davis, David Brion. Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World. New York ; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Durden, Robert. The Dukes of Durham, 1865-1929. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1987.
———. Bold Entrepreneur: A Life of James B. Duke. Durham, N.C: Carolina Academic Pr, 2003.
———. “James B. Duke Wins and Loses: The Partial Collapse of His Grand Design for Perpetual Philanthropy in the Carolinas.” The North Carolina Historical Review 74, no. 1 (1997): 1–18.
———. Lasting Legacy to the Carolinas: The Duke Endowment, 1924–1994. Durham, NC: Duke University Press Books, 1998.
______. Duke Gardens through the Years. 2nd ed., Durham: Sarah P. Duke Gardens, 2001.
Ellsworth, Scott. The Secret Game: A Wartime Story of Courage, Change, and Basketball’s Lost Triumph. Back Bay Books, 2016.
Eltis, David. The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas. Cambridge, U.K. ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Escott, Paul D. Many Excellent People: Power and Privilege in North Carolina, 1850-1900. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1985.
Folk, Edgar Estes, and Bynum Shaw. W.W. Holden, a Political Biography. J.F. Blair, 1982.
Follett, Richard, Sven Beckert, Peter Coclanis, and Barbara M. Hahn. Plantation Kingdom: The American South and Its Global Commodities. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016.
Foner, Eric. “Columbia University and Slavery.” https://columbiaandslavery.columbia.edu/content/eric-foners-report.
———. “Opinion | Confederate Statues and ‘Our’ History.” The New York Times, August 20, 2017, sec. Opinion. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/20/opinion/confederate-statues-american-history.html.
———. “Rooted in Reconstruction: The First Wave of Black Congressmen.” The Nation, October 15, 2008. https://www.thenation.com/article/rooted-reconstruction-first-wave-black-congressmen/.
Fortin, Jacey. “What Robert E. Lee Wrote to The Times About Slavery in 1858.” The New York Times, August 18, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/18/us/robert-e-lee-slaves.html.
Friedlein, Ken. Duke University: The Campus Guide. Duke University, 2015.
Graham, David A. “Local Officials Want to Remove Confederate Monuments—but States Won’t Let Them.” The Atlantic, August 25, 2017. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/08/when-local-officials-want-to-tear-down-confederate-monuments-but-cant/537351/.
Greene, Christina. Our Separate Ways: Women and the Black Freedom Movement in Durham, North Carolina. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.
Jaffe, Julia Wall, Niko Koppel, Logan, and Kaitlyn Mullin. “Confederate Monuments Come Down and Emotions Rise.” The New York Times, May 19, 2017.
https://www.nytimes.com/video/us/100000005099177/confederate-monuments-removed-new-orleans-360-video.html.
Jones, H. G., and David Southern. Miss Mary’s Money: Fortune and Misfortune in a North Carolina Plantation Family, 1760-1924. McFarland, 2014.
Kelman, Ari. A Misplaced Massacre: Struggling over the Memory of Sand Creek. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2015.
King, Stefanie Alyson. “Consent and Coercion in the Central Piedmont of North Carolina during the Civil War Era.” North Carolina State University thesis, 2015.
Kukis, Margaret. “Master and Slaves at Work in the North Carolina Piedmont: The Nicholas Bryor Massenburg Plantation, 1834-1861.” Rice University thesis, 1993.
Landrieu, Mitch. “Mitch Landrieu’s Speech on the Removal of Confederate Monuments in New Orleans.” The New York Times. May 23, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/23/opinion/mitch-landrieus-speech-transcript.html?_r=0.
Murray, Pauli. Proud Shoes. Boston: Beacon Press, 1999.
Porter, Earl W. Trinity and Duke; 1892-1924: Foundations of Duke University. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1964.
Prather, H. Leon. Resurgent Politics and Educational Progressivism in the New South, North Carolina, 1890-1913. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 1979.
Prince, K. Stephen. Stories of the South: Race and the Reconstruction of Southern Identity, 1865-1915. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2014.
Pryor, Elizabeth Brown, and Robert E. (Robert Edward) Lee. Reading the Man: A Portrait of Robert E. Lee through His Private Lettters. New York: Viking, 2007.
Reverby, Susan M. “This Doctor Experimented on Slaves: It’s Time to Remove or Redo His Statue.” The Hastings Center, August 7, 2017. http://www.thehastingscenter.org/doctor-experimented-slaves-time-remove-redo-statue/.
Reynolds, Preston. Durham’s Lincoln Hospital. Black America Series. Arcadia Publishing, 2001.
Schöpf, Johann David. Travels in the Confederation, 1783-1784. Campbell, 1911.
Schulz, Kathryn. “The Civil-Rights Luminary You’ve Never Heard Of.” The New Yorker, April 10, 2017. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/04/17/the-many-lives-of-pauli-murray.
———. “The Underground Railroad’s Troubling Allure.” The New Yorker, August 15, 2016. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/08/22/the-perilous-lure-of-the-underground-railroad.
Seapker, Janet, and Beverly Tetterton. A Guide to Wilmington’s African American Heritage. City of Wilmington, NC, 2013.
Serwer, Adam. “The Myth of the Kindly General Lee.” The Atlantic, June 4, 2017. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/06/the-myth-of-the-kindly-general-lee/529038/.
Simmons, Furnifold McLendel. F.M. Simmons, Statesman of the New South: Memoirs and Addresses. Duke University Press, 1936.
Southern Poverty Law Center. “Whose Heritage? Public Symbols of the Confederacy,” April 21, 2016. https://www.splcenter.org/20160421/whose-heritage-public-symbols-confederacy.
Special Commission to Review Baltimore’s Public Confederate Monuments. “Special Commission to Review Baltimore’s Public Confederate Monuments: Report to Mayor Rawlings-Blake,” August 16, 2016. http://baltimoreplanning.wixsite.com/monumentcommission.
Tyson, Timothy B. “Commemorating North Carolina’s Anti-Confederate Heritage, Too.” Raleigh News and Observer,. http://www.newsobserver.com/opinion/op-ed/article31123988.html.
Weare, Walter B., and publisher Duke University Press. Black Business in the New South : A Social History of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1993.
Whatley, L. McKay. Randolph County. Arcadia Publishing, 2010.
William, Blackburn. The Architecture of Duke University. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1939.
Winkler, John K. Tobacco Tycoon the Story of James Buchanan Duke. New York: Random House, 1942.
York, Brantley. The Autobiography of Brantley York, Vol. I. Leopold Classic Library, 2015.
Alexander, Roberta Sue. NC Faces the Freedmen: Race Relations During Presidential Reconstruction, 1865-67. Durham: Duke University Press, 1985.
Anderson, Jean Bradley. Durham County: A History of Durham County, North Carolina. Durham: Duke University Press, 2011.
Andrews, William L., and David A. (David Alexander) Davis. North Carolina Slave Narratives: The Lives of Moses Roper, Lunsford Lane, Moses Grandy & Thomas H. Jones. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.
Auman, William T. Civil War in the North Carolina Quaker Belt: The Confederate Campaign against Peace Agitators, Deserters and Draft Dodgers. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 2014.
Bassett, John Spencer. Anti-Slavery Leaders of North Carolina. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1898.
Blackburn, William Maxwell. The Architecture of Duke University. Durham: Duke University Press, 1936.
Blight, David W. Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory. London: Belknap Press, 2002.
Boyd, William Kenneth. The Story of Durham: City of the New South. Duke University Press, 1925.
Brandstadter, Dianne Puthoff. Developing the Coordinate College for Women at Duke University: The Career of Alice Mary Baldwin, 1924-1947,” a Ph.D. thesis, 1977.
Brown, Leslie. Upbuilding Black Durham: Gender, Class, and Black Community Development in the Jim Crow South. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.
Bynum, Victoria E. Unruly Women: The Politics of Social and Sexual Control in the Old South. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1992.
Campbell, James, et. al. “Brown University Committee on Slavery and Justice: The Report.” Providence, Rhode Island. https://brown.edu/Research/Slavery_Justice/report/.
Cecelski, David S. The Fire of Freedom: Abraham Galloway and the Slaves’ Civil War. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2012.
Chaffin, Nora Campbell. Trinity College, 1839-1892: The Beginnings of Duke University. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1950.
Christian, Jack, and Warren Christian. “The Monuments Must Go.” Slate, August 16, 2017. http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2017/08/stonewall_jackson_s_grandsons_the_monuments_must_go.html?wpsrc=sh_all_mob_tw_top.
Cohan, William D. The Price of Silence: The Duke Lacrosse Scandal, the Power of the Elite, and the Corruption of Our Great Universities. New York: Scribner, 2014.
Cotter, Holland. “We Need to Move, Not Destroy, Confederate Monuments.” The New York Times, August 20, 2017, sec. Art & Design. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/20/arts/design/we-need-to-move-not-destroy-confederate-monuments.html.
Crow, Jeffrey J., Paul D. Escott, and Flora J. Hatley Wadelington. A History of African Americans in North Carolina. Raleigh: N. C. Dept. of Cultural Resources, Division of Archives and History, 1992.
Crowell, J. Franklin, and Charles Lee Raper. Personal Recollections of Trinity College, North Carolina, 1887-1894. Duke University Publications. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1939.
Current, Richard Nelson, and Frank and Virginia Williams Collection of Lincolniana (Mississippi State University. Libraries). Lincoln’s Loyalists: Union Soldiers from the Confederacy. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1992.
Curtin, Philip D. The Atlantic Slave Trade; a Census. Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1969.
Davis, David Brion. Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World. New York ; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Durden, Robert. The Dukes of Durham, 1865-1929. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1987.
———. Bold Entrepreneur: A Life of James B. Duke. Durham, N.C: Carolina Academic Pr, 2003.
———. “James B. Duke Wins and Loses: The Partial Collapse of His Grand Design for Perpetual Philanthropy in the Carolinas.” The North Carolina Historical Review 74, no. 1 (1997): 1–18.
———. Lasting Legacy to the Carolinas: The Duke Endowment, 1924–1994. Durham, NC: Duke University Press Books, 1998.
______. Duke Gardens through the Years. 2nd ed., Durham: Sarah P. Duke Gardens, 2001.
Ellsworth, Scott. The Secret Game: A Wartime Story of Courage, Change, and Basketball’s Lost Triumph. Back Bay Books, 2016.
Eltis, David. The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas. Cambridge, U.K. ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Escott, Paul D. Many Excellent People: Power and Privilege in North Carolina, 1850-1900. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1985.
Folk, Edgar Estes, and Bynum Shaw. W.W. Holden, a Political Biography. J.F. Blair, 1982.
Follett, Richard, Sven Beckert, Peter Coclanis, and Barbara M. Hahn. Plantation Kingdom: The American South and Its Global Commodities. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2016.
Foner, Eric. “Columbia University and Slavery.” https://columbiaandslavery.columbia.edu/content/eric-foners-report.
———. “Opinion | Confederate Statues and ‘Our’ History.” The New York Times, August 20, 2017, sec. Opinion. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/20/opinion/confederate-statues-american-history.html.
———. “Rooted in Reconstruction: The First Wave of Black Congressmen.” The Nation, October 15, 2008. https://www.thenation.com/article/rooted-reconstruction-first-wave-black-congressmen/.
Fortin, Jacey. “What Robert E. Lee Wrote to The Times About Slavery in 1858.” The New York Times, August 18, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/18/us/robert-e-lee-slaves.html.
Friedlein, Ken. Duke University: The Campus Guide. Duke University, 2015.
Graham, David A. “Local Officials Want to Remove Confederate Monuments—but States Won’t Let Them.” The Atlantic, August 25, 2017. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/08/when-local-officials-want-to-tear-down-confederate-monuments-but-cant/537351/.
Greene, Christina. Our Separate Ways: Women and the Black Freedom Movement in Durham, North Carolina. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.
Jaffe, Julia Wall, Niko Koppel, Logan, and Kaitlyn Mullin. “Confederate Monuments Come Down and Emotions Rise.” The New York Times, May 19, 2017.
https://www.nytimes.com/video/us/100000005099177/confederate-monuments-removed-new-orleans-360-video.html.
Jones, H. G., and David Southern. Miss Mary’s Money: Fortune and Misfortune in a North Carolina Plantation Family, 1760-1924. McFarland, 2014.
Kelman, Ari. A Misplaced Massacre: Struggling over the Memory of Sand Creek. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2015.
King, Stefanie Alyson. “Consent and Coercion in the Central Piedmont of North Carolina during the Civil War Era.” North Carolina State University thesis, 2015.
Kukis, Margaret. “Master and Slaves at Work in the North Carolina Piedmont: The Nicholas Bryor Massenburg Plantation, 1834-1861.” Rice University thesis, 1993.
Landrieu, Mitch. “Mitch Landrieu’s Speech on the Removal of Confederate Monuments in New Orleans.” The New York Times. May 23, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/23/opinion/mitch-landrieus-speech-transcript.html?_r=0.
Murray, Pauli. Proud Shoes. Boston: Beacon Press, 1999.
Porter, Earl W. Trinity and Duke; 1892-1924: Foundations of Duke University. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1964.
Prather, H. Leon. Resurgent Politics and Educational Progressivism in the New South, North Carolina, 1890-1913. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 1979.
Prince, K. Stephen. Stories of the South: Race and the Reconstruction of Southern Identity, 1865-1915. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2014.
Pryor, Elizabeth Brown, and Robert E. (Robert Edward) Lee. Reading the Man: A Portrait of Robert E. Lee through His Private Lettters. New York: Viking, 2007.
Reverby, Susan M. “This Doctor Experimented on Slaves: It’s Time to Remove or Redo His Statue.” The Hastings Center, August 7, 2017. http://www.thehastingscenter.org/doctor-experimented-slaves-time-remove-redo-statue/.
Reynolds, Preston. Durham’s Lincoln Hospital. Black America Series. Arcadia Publishing, 2001.
Schöpf, Johann David. Travels in the Confederation, 1783-1784. Campbell, 1911.
Schulz, Kathryn. “The Civil-Rights Luminary You’ve Never Heard Of.” The New Yorker, April 10, 2017. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/04/17/the-many-lives-of-pauli-murray.
———. “The Underground Railroad’s Troubling Allure.” The New Yorker, August 15, 2016. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/08/22/the-perilous-lure-of-the-underground-railroad.
Seapker, Janet, and Beverly Tetterton. A Guide to Wilmington’s African American Heritage. City of Wilmington, NC, 2013.
Serwer, Adam. “The Myth of the Kindly General Lee.” The Atlantic, June 4, 2017. https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/06/the-myth-of-the-kindly-general-lee/529038/.
Simmons, Furnifold McLendel. F.M. Simmons, Statesman of the New South: Memoirs and Addresses. Duke University Press, 1936.
Southern Poverty Law Center. “Whose Heritage? Public Symbols of the Confederacy,” April 21, 2016. https://www.splcenter.org/20160421/whose-heritage-public-symbols-confederacy.
Special Commission to Review Baltimore’s Public Confederate Monuments. “Special Commission to Review Baltimore’s Public Confederate Monuments: Report to Mayor Rawlings-Blake,” August 16, 2016. http://baltimoreplanning.wixsite.com/monumentcommission.
Tyson, Timothy B. “Commemorating North Carolina’s Anti-Confederate Heritage, Too.” Raleigh News and Observer,. http://www.newsobserver.com/opinion/op-ed/article31123988.html.
Weare, Walter B., and publisher Duke University Press. Black Business in the New South : A Social History of the North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1993.
Whatley, L. McKay. Randolph County. Arcadia Publishing, 2010.
William, Blackburn. The Architecture of Duke University. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1939.
Winkler, John K. Tobacco Tycoon the Story of James Buchanan Duke. New York: Random House, 1942.
York, Brantley. The Autobiography of Brantley York, Vol. I. Leopold Classic Library, 2015.
